食品添加色素とアスパルテーム等の神経系に対する複合作用
食品添加色素中、陽イオン性のものは遺伝子と親和性があり、変異源性も強いことから、禁止されている。現在は基本的には陰イオン性ののもが残っているが、金属イオンキレート性等を通じて有害性を発揮するようだ。もちろん、許可されているとはいっても、赤色、３、１０４、１０５号等のハロゲン化合物であるもの、赤色１０６号、青色１号等部分的に陽イオン部位を持っているもの、赤色２、４０、１０２号、黄色４、５号のように体内でアゾ結合が解裂してアミノ基がでてくるもの（要するにほとんど全部ということになるが）は変異源性がある。
特に、子供には与えない方がよい。精神発達阻害作用が危惧されるからである。
今回の参考論文は；
食品添加色素ブリリアントブルー（青色１号、E133）＋グルタミン酸、あるいは食品添加色素キノリンイエロー（E104、日本では指定外）＋アスパルテーム
複合作用で神経細胞の神経突起成長阻害、細胞障害も
といったもの。
神経発達阻害はよいことだ！？と、また誰かさんが期待している？
参考
Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):178-87. Epub 2005 Dec 13.
Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test.
Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV.
Developmental Toxicopathology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. karen.lau@liverpool.ac.uk
Exposure to non-nutritional food additives during the critical development window has been implicated in the induction and severity of behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Although the use of single food additives at their regulated concentrations is believed to be relatively safe in terms of neuronal development, their combined effects remain unclear. We therefore examined the neurotoxic effects of four common food additives in combinations of two (Brilliant Blue and L-glutamic acid, Quinoline Yellow and aspartame) to assess potential interactions.
（アスパルテームは白いですが、赤字にしています）
Mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate and grow neurites in the presence of additives. After 24 h, cells were fixed and stained and neurite length measured by light microscopy with computerized image analysis.
Neurotoxicity was measured as an inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Two independent models were used to analyze combination effects: effect additivity and dose additivity.
Significant synergy was observed between combinations of Brilliant Blue with L-glutamic acid, and Quinoline Yellow with aspartame, in both models.
Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in food additive-induced neurite inhibition was assessed with a NMDA antagonist, CNS-1102. L-glutamic acid- and aspartame-induced neurotoxicity was reduced in the presence of CNS-1102; however, the antagonist did not prevent food color-induced neurotoxicity.
Theoretical exposure to additives was calculated based on analysis of content in foodstuff, and estimated percentage absorption from the gut.
Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations of additives theoretically achievable in plasma by ingestion of a typical snack and drink.
In addition, Trypan Blue dye exclusion was used to evaluate the cellular toxicity of food additives on cell viability of NB2a cells; both combinations had a straightforward additive effect on cytotoxicity. These data have implications for the cellular effects of common chemical entities ingested individually and in combination.
PMID: 16352620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
タートラジン（黄色４号、E102）関係は昔から有名だが、ひとつ挙げておこう。
J Asthma. 1985;22(3):139-43.Links
Clinical spectrum of adverse reactions to tartrazine.
Collins-Williams C.
Tartrazine, a common additive in foods and drugs, often causes adverse reactions such as recurrent urticaria, angioedema, and asthma and is frequently implicated in hyperkinesis. This paper summarizes the recent literature on the subject and outlines a practical approach for the practicing physician to diagnose and treat these patients in an optimal manner.
PMID: 3894321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
着 色 料 等抜き打ち検査（岐阜県）
http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/pref/s11222/syokuhinkennsa/addition/H16/tenka16.htm
「許 可」 色 素
赤色２号（アマランス）
赤色３号（エリスロシン）
赤色４０号（アルラレッドAC）
赤色１０２号（ニューコクシン）
赤色１０４号（フロキシン）
赤色１０５号（ローズベンガル）
赤色１０６号（アシッドレッド）
黄色４号（タートラジン）
黄色５号（サンセットイエローFCF）
緑色３号（ファストグリーンFCF）
青色１号（ブリリアントブルー）
青色２号（インジゴカルミン）
＜赤色２号、１０４号、１０５号、１０６号、青色１号は変異源性（従って、発ガン性）のため欧米では禁止されているのである（苦笑）＞
指定外色素
アゾルビン
キノリンイエロー
パテントブルー
オレンジ
追記 （こんなまとめありました）
特に、子供には与えない方がよい。精神発達阻害作用が危惧されるからである。
今回の参考論文は；
食品添加色素ブリリアントブルー（青色１号、E133）＋グルタミン酸、あるいは食品添加色素キノリンイエロー（E104、日本では指定外）＋アスパルテーム
複合作用で神経細胞の神経突起成長阻害、細胞障害も
といったもの。
神経発達阻害はよいことだ！？と、また誰かさんが期待している？
参考
Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):178-87. Epub 2005 Dec 13.
Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test.
Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV.
Developmental Toxicopathology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. karen.lau@liverpool.ac.uk
Exposure to non-nutritional food additives during the critical development window has been implicated in the induction and severity of behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Although the use of single food additives at their regulated concentrations is believed to be relatively safe in terms of neuronal development, their combined effects remain unclear. We therefore examined the neurotoxic effects of four common food additives in combinations of two (Brilliant Blue and L-glutamic acid, Quinoline Yellow and aspartame) to assess potential interactions.
（アスパルテームは白いですが、赤字にしています）
Mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells were induced to differentiate and grow neurites in the presence of additives. After 24 h, cells were fixed and stained and neurite length measured by light microscopy with computerized image analysis.
Neurotoxicity was measured as an inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Two independent models were used to analyze combination effects: effect additivity and dose additivity.
Significant synergy was observed between combinations of Brilliant Blue with L-glutamic acid, and Quinoline Yellow with aspartame, in both models.
Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in food additive-induced neurite inhibition was assessed with a NMDA antagonist, CNS-1102. L-glutamic acid- and aspartame-induced neurotoxicity was reduced in the presence of CNS-1102; however, the antagonist did not prevent food color-induced neurotoxicity.
Theoretical exposure to additives was calculated based on analysis of content in foodstuff, and estimated percentage absorption from the gut.
Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was found at concentrations of additives theoretically achievable in plasma by ingestion of a typical snack and drink.
In addition, Trypan Blue dye exclusion was used to evaluate the cellular toxicity of food additives on cell viability of NB2a cells; both combinations had a straightforward additive effect on cytotoxicity. These data have implications for the cellular effects of common chemical entities ingested individually and in combination.
PMID: 16352620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
タートラジン（黄色４号、E102）関係は昔から有名だが、ひとつ挙げておこう。
J Asthma. 1985;22(3):139-43.Links
Clinical spectrum of adverse reactions to tartrazine.
Collins-Williams C.
Tartrazine, a common additive in foods and drugs, often causes adverse reactions such as recurrent urticaria, angioedema, and asthma and is frequently implicated in hyperkinesis. This paper summarizes the recent literature on the subject and outlines a practical approach for the practicing physician to diagnose and treat these patients in an optimal manner.
PMID: 3894321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
着 色 料 等抜き打ち検査（岐阜県）
http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/pref/s11222/syokuhinkennsa/addition/H16/tenka16.htm
「許 可」 色 素
赤色２号（アマランス）
赤色３号（エリスロシン）
赤色４０号（アルラレッドAC）
赤色１０２号（ニューコクシン）
赤色１０４号（フロキシン）
赤色１０５号（ローズベンガル）
赤色１０６号（アシッドレッド）
黄色４号（タートラジン）
黄色５号（サンセットイエローFCF）
緑色３号（ファストグリーンFCF）
青色１号（ブリリアントブルー）
青色２号（インジゴカルミン）
＜赤色２号、１０４号、１０５号、１０６号、青色１号は変異源性（従って、発ガン性）のため欧米では禁止されているのである（苦笑）＞
指定外色素
アゾルビン
キノリンイエロー
パテントブルー
オレンジ
追記 （こんなまとめありました）
by oninomae | 2007-09-29 03:17 | 食品添加物・有害食品
